TOKYO/BEIJING - Companies and governments around the world raced on Thursday to patch vulnerabilities in the widely used PHP programming language, as experts reported a surge in hacking attempts following their disclosure.The rush came after government websites in Europe and elsewhere went offline on Wednesday, with the disclosure of the flaws sending website operators scrambling to protect their systems.PHP developers on Wednesday released urgent new fixes to vulnerabilities that had lurked in the software for years until they were uncovered using AI, saying all users were “encouraged to…